Monitoring foliar symptom expression in beech leaf disease through time

When studying a forest disease, understanding the phenological relationship of host tree and its pathogens is essential for identifying optimal management strategies to help prevent future spread disease. Since beech leaf disease (BLD) recently discovered information about general epidemiology symptom phenology largely unavailable. This study sought answer questions related progression by conducting two observational studies on 10 trees from Cleveland Metroparks during 2019 2020 growing seasons. BLD symptoms are characterized distinct types: dark green interveinal banding pattern or completely thickened leaf. there evidence that exotic nematode Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii associated with development after direct inoculation into buds, we hypothesized would be apparent leaves at bud break. In our study, visually confirmed presence both types break in naturally infected trees. Along visual confirmation, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) showed do not change throughout season as time was significant variable when comparing across season. Using Fisher's exact test GLMM, also determined single leaf–bud pair progress specific predictable through subsequent These results formally validate timing expression patterns severity between years which will assist furthering pathosystem.